Where the Nestos River leaves the magnificent ravines of Toxotes behind and flows into the sea, it marks the natural boundary between Macedonia and Thrace, creating one of Greece's most precious ecosystems: the Nestos Delta. This wetland complex, spanning 55,000 hectares, is protected under the Ramsar Convention and the Natura 2000 network. However, the heart of the ecosystem beats in Kotza Orman—the Great Forest. This riparian hydromorphic forest was once known as the last "jungle" of Europe. Although the forest has shrunk significantly from 13,000 hectares to just 450 hectares due to historical land clearing, the remaining section maintains a pristine, primeval character with towering trees and an atmosphere reminiscent of an exotic journey.
Story Behind It
Kotza Orman is not merely a forest—it is an ancient myth and a modern tragedy. Herodotus wrote that lions lived in the area during the Persian Wars, while Aristotle spoke of the "jungle" of the Nestos. Unfortunately, its glory suffered a severe blow.
Following the devastation of the Civil War, the 1950s brought massive deforestation: thousands of hectares were cleared for cultivation, an act often cited as one of the greatest ecological crimes in Greece. Today, the remaining section stands as a monument to primeval vegetation, protected by the Ramsar Convention, reminding us of its immense value.
Why We Love It
The Nestos Delta and Kotza Orman are an invaluable destination for nature lovers and slow travellers, offering a rare opportunity for wildlife observation. The area is a living sanctuary, hosting the only non-farmed population of the Caucasian Pheasant in Europe, as well as a large population of jackals and otters—species rarely found elsewhere in Greece. Furthermore, the region is a global birdwatching hotspot, with over 270 species of birds nesting or wintering here, including rare herons and birds of prey. The contrast between the dense, almost tropical forest and the open landscape of the lagoons creates a visual and biological diversity that captivates the visitor.
Fresh Tips
- Information: Visit the Information Center in Keramoti (Kavala region) for maps and detailed route guides.
- Hiking: Follow the marked trail within Kotza Orman. Always stay on the paths, as it is a strictly protected area.
- Birdwatching: The early morning hours are the best time to spot the rare Caucasian Pheasants and the aquatic populations in the lagoons.
- Activity: Try boating or kayaking on the Nestos River to view the riparian forest from the water.
- Gastronomy: Conclude your excursion with fresh fish and seafood at the picturesque tavernas in Keramoti or Erateino.
Visual Journey
